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Rolihlahla Mandela was born into the Madiba clan in the village of Mvezo, in South Africa's Eastern Cape, on July 18, 1918. "Rolihlahla" in the Xhosa language means "pulling the branch of a tree," but its colloquial translation is "troublemaker." It was not until Mandela attended primary school in Qunu and met his teacher, Miss Mdingane, that he was given the name Nelson. Hearing the elders’ stories of his ancestors’ bravery during the wars of resistance, young Mandela dreamed of making his own contribution to the freedom struggle of his people. Despite 27 years of imprisonment, Mandela's desire to dismantle the country's apartheid system never shuddered. For 20 years, he directed a campaign of peaceful, nonviolent defiance against the South African government and its racist policies. In 1993, he received the Nobel Prize for Peace, along with South Africa's president at the time, F.W. de Klerk, for having led the transition from apartheid to a multiracial democracy in South Africa. A social rights activist, politician, and philanthropist, Mandela later became South Africa’s first Black president from 1994 to 1999.